Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part M (2025)

Posthumanism or post-humanism literally means “after humanism” or “beyond humanism”. It is an idea or a theoretical framework that questions the boundaries of anthropocentric existence. It explores the relationship between and human and non-human. Humanism focuses on the importance of human potential for self-improvement and knowledge. It places humans at the centre of the universe. Whereas, Posthumanism questions the eccentric authority of humans over this world. Technology, which earlier served the needs of humans, now holds the potential to alter or replace them. Donna Haraway’s A Cyborg Manifesto (1985) employs the term of ‘cyborg’ as a metaphor for modern existence. It merges biological and technological parts of the world, symbolising their interconnectedness. It rejects the notions of strict duality in nature, such as human/machine, nature/culture, male/female, mind/body, self/other. It blurs the boundaries between these bifurcations. Rosi Braidotti’s The Posthuman (2013) also questions the idea of eco centric “man”. The advancement of artificial intelligence has raised a question on the traditional humanist possibilities of consciousness, ethics and survival. Contemporary literature reflects this drastic shift by highlighting the boundaries between the human and non-human. In this paper, we will analyse Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun (2021) and Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (1968) through the theoretical frameworks of Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory and Rosi Braidotti’s posthumanism. This study will examine the future of humanity in the environment of artificial intelligence.